Citation: Doris Etim, Akaninyene Mark and Umo Umoh Effiong (2025) Substance abuse and risk factors among incarcerated individuals in Uyo custodial center, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. Frontline Professionals Journal, 2(1), 143–157.
Abstract
Background: Substance abuse is a significant public health concern worldwide, with far-reaching consequences for individuals, communities, and societies. The issue is particularly pronounced among incarcerated individuals, who often face unique challenges and vulnerabilities that contribute to substance abuse. The escalating issue of public health and societal concern is on the rise, with detrimental effects across various dimensions, particularly impacting the younger demographic. Uyo Custodial Center, located in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria, is no exception. This background information provides an overview of substance abuse among incarcerated individuals, with a focus on its prevalence and risk factors in Uyo Custodial Center.
Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional research design employing a quantitative data collection approach was carried out in this study. The study involved 376 inmates aged between 15 and 45 years inUyo custodial center, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. The participant selection process involved a systematic sampling technique. Data collection utilized an adapted, self-administered, pre-tested, semi-structured questionnaire. The collected data underwent analysis using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 23 software. Descriptive statistics were employed to present the findings, utilizing tables and figures for clarity. The relationship between categorical variables was assessed through the chi-square test with statistical significance set at a p value ≤ 0.05.
Results: The mean age of respondents from this study was 29.2 ± 4.20years.The prevalence of substance use among the respondents was (73.9%). The risk factors of substance use among the respondents has it that a higher proportion of respondents (63.2%) agreed that they have been smoking for more than 6 months, of which majority of the respondents (66.3%) had not tried stopping smoking. Of the proportion that often smoke cigarettes, a higher proportion of respondents 52.6% agreed that smoking affects their daily routine and more than half of the respondents 53.2% smoked 5-10 wraps/ sticks per day. The risk factors of substance use among the respondents opined that a higher proportion of respondents (67.9%) smoked cigarettes with friends. Of the proportion of respondents who smoked cigarettes with friends, (51.9%) did it weekly. A higher proportion of respondents agreed that family members also smoked cigarettes 53.7%. A higher proportion of respondents (79%) drank alcohol with friends. Of the proportion of respondents who drank alcohol with friends, (57.0%) did it daily. However, a higher proportion of respondents who drink alcohol (47.9%) agreed that peer pressure was the reason for drinking alcohol while (33.5%) agreed that curiosity was the reason for smoking cigarettes.
Conclusion: Substance abuse among incarcerated individuals is a complex issue that requires a comprehensive approach to address. Understanding the prevalence and risk factors for substance abuse in Uyo Custodial Center is crucial for developing effective interventions and treatment programs. By addressing the unique challenges faced by the center and its inmates, it is possible to reduce the prevalence of substance abuse and promote healthier outcomes for incarcerated individuals.
Keywords: substance use, incarcerated individual, Uyo custodial center